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m\u00e9todo Array.reduce(), \u00e9 suportado pela grande maioria dos browsers e pode te poupar implementa\u00e7\u00f5es mais complicadas e menos perform\u00e1ticas para realizar a mesma tarefa.","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Array.reduce(): Aprenda como esse m\u00e9todo de Javascript vai facilitar a vida | Le Wagon","contenu_de_larticle":"
numbers.reduce((acumulador, elementoAtual, indice, arrayOriginal) => {\n console.log(`\u00edndice: ${indice}`);\n console.log(`acumulador: ${acumulador}`);\n console.log(`elemento atual: ${elementoAtual}`);\n console.log(`array original: ${arrayOriginal}`);\n return acumulador + elementoAtual;\n}, 0);<\/pre>
Ao rodar o c\u00f3digo acima, o console nos retorna:
<\/div>\u00edndice: 0\nacumulador: 0\nelemento atual: 10\narray original: [10, 1, 2, 5]\n\u00edndice: 1\nacumulador: 10\nelemento atual: 1\narray original: [10, 1, 2, 5]\n\u00edndice: 2\nacumulador: 11\nelemento atual: 2\narray original: [10, 1, 2, 5]\n\u00edndice: 3\nacumulador: 13\nelemento atual: 5\narray original: [10, 1, 2, 5]\n18<\/pre>
Podemos perceber que a vari\u00e1vel acumulador come\u00e7a com o valor 0 e, a cada itera\u00e7\u00e3o, \u00e9 acrescida pelo valor do elemento atual, conforme a regra que definimos em \u201creturn acumulador + elementoAtual\u201d.
<\/div>Ap\u00f3s a \u00faltima itera\u00e7\u00e3o, a fun\u00e7\u00e3o retorna o valor \u201cacumulado\u201d na vari\u00e1vel acumulador, ou seja, 18.<\/div>
O que aconteceria, no entanto, se n\u00e3o pass\u00e1ssemos o valor inicial como segundo argumento?
<\/div>Vejamos o que o console nos retornar\u00e1:
<\/div>
<\/div>\u00edndice: 1\nacumulador: 10\nelemento atual: 1\narray original: [10, 1, 2 ,5]\n\u00edndice: 2\nacumulador: 11\nelemento atual: 2\narray original: [10, 1, 2, 5]\n\u00edndice: 3\nacumulador: 13\nelemento atual: 5\narray original: [10, 1, 2, 5]\n18<\/pre>
Como podemos constatar, quando o valor inicial n\u00e3o \u00e9 fornecido, reduce executar\u00e1 a fun\u00e7\u00e3o callback come\u00e7ando pelo item com \u00edndice 1, ignorando, assim, o primeiro elemento do array. Por este motivo, a vari\u00e1vel acumulador assumir\u00e1, na primeira itera\u00e7\u00e3o, o valor do item com \u00edndice 0. Desse modo, o resultado retornado ao final permanecer\u00e1 o mesmo que o do exemplo anterior.
<\/div>Nada muito mirabolante nem surpreendente at\u00e9 aqui, n\u00e3o \u00e9? Certamente poder\u00edamos fazer o mesmo com nosso velho forEach, da seguinte forma:
<\/div>let soma = 0;\nnumbers.forEach(number => soma += number);\nreturn soma; <\/pre>
<\/div>Array.reduce() e suas maravilhas!<\/strong><\/h2>
Veremos agora alguns exemplos de como utilizar o Array.reduce()<\/strong> para resolver problemas cotidianos do nosso c\u00f3digo!
<\/div>Aplainando uma matriz<\/strong><\/h3>
<\/div>Lembra de quando falamos que reduce \u00e9 um m\u00e9todo bem mais flex\u00edvel que outros iteradores de array e que, por isso, pode retornar o que quisermos? \u00c9 justamente por esse motivo que ele pode fazer muito mais que apenas somar, multiplicar, subtrair ou dividir uma cole\u00e7\u00e3o de elementos ordenados.<\/div>
Imaginemos, agora, um vetor bidimensional (um array de arrays)!
<\/div>const arrayDeArrays = [[\u201ca\u201d, 1], [\u201cb\u201d, 3], [\u201cc\u201d, 20]];<\/pre>
Desejamos transform\u00e1-lo num vetor unidimensional. Com o m\u00e9todo reduce, podemos fazer isso de maneira simples!
<\/div>arrayDeArrays.reduce((acumulador, elementoAtual) => acumulador.concat(elementoAtual), [\u201cd\u201d, 3]);<\/pre>
Acima, declaramos que, a cada itera\u00e7\u00e3o, a fun\u00e7\u00e3o callback deve executar o m\u00e9todo concat() sobre o atual estado de acumulador, recebendo como argumento o valor de elementoAtual. Definimos, ainda, o valor inicial de acumulador como sendo um array contendo dois elementos: \u201cd\u201d e 3.
<\/div> N\u00e3o sabe o que \u00e9 o m\u00e9todo concat? \u00c9 simples! Ele nada mais faz que retornar um novo array, concatenando todos os valores passados como argumentos com os valores do array sobre o qual ele \u00e9 chamado.<\/div>
Vamos simular a mudan\u00e7a de estado da fun\u00e7\u00e3o a cada itera\u00e7\u00e3o para vermos o que est\u00e1 acontecendo:
<\/div>\u00edndice: 0\nacumulador: [\u201cd\u201d, 3]\nelemento atual: [\u201ca\u201d, 1]\narray original: [ [\u201ca\u201d, 1], [\u201cb\u201d, 3], [\u201cc\u201d, 20] ]\n\u00edndice: 1\nacumulador: [\u201cd\u201d, 3, \u201ca\u201d, 1]\nelemento atual: [\u201cb\u201d, 3]\narray original: [ [\u201ca\u201d, 1], [\u201cb\u201d, 3], [\u201cc\u201d, 20] ]\n\u00edndice: 2\nacumulador: [\u201cd\u201d, 3, \u201ca\u201d, 1, \u201cb\u201d, 3]\nelemento atual: [\u201cc\u201d, 20]\narray original: [ [\u201ca\u201d, 1], [\u201cb\u201d, 3], [\u201cc\u201d, 20] ]<\/pre>
Fim do loop!<\/strong><\/div>
<\/div>Retorno final: [\u201cd\u201d, 3, \u201ca\u201d, 1, \u201cb\u201d, 3, \u201cc\u201d, 20]<\/pre>
Legal, n\u00e9? Vamos agora para um exemplo um pouco mais complexo.<\/div>Agrupando objetos por suas propriedades<\/strong><\/h3>Imaginemos uma empresa com v\u00e1rios funcion\u00e1rios. Vamos supor, ent\u00e3o, que, nessa empresa, h\u00e1 gerentes, secret\u00e1rios, advogados e contadores. Veja abaixo como poder\u00edamos representar este cen\u00e1rio com um array de objetos:
<\/div>const funcionarios = [\n {\n nome: \u201cRoberto\u201d,\n idade: 52,\n fun\u00e7\u00e3o: \u201cger\u00eancia\u201d\n },\n {\n nome: \u201cPedro\u201d,\n idade: 25,\n fun\u00e7\u00e3o: \u201ccontabilidade\u201d\n },\n {\n nome: \u201c'Fl\u00e1via\u201d,\n idade: 38,\n fun\u00e7\u00e3o: \u201cadvocacia\u201d\n },\n {\n nome: \u201cSandra\u201d,\n idade: 27,\n fun\u00e7\u00e3o: \u201ccontabilidade\u201d\n },\n {\n nome: \u201cRafael\u201d,\n idade: 21,\n fun\u00e7\u00e3o: \u201csecretaria\u201d\n }\n];<\/pre>
Cada um dos objetos no array representa um funcion\u00e1rio com suas respectivas propriedades: nome, idade e fun\u00e7\u00e3o.
<\/div>Vamos imaginar que, por algum motivo, precisemos organiz\u00e1-los de acordo com a fun\u00e7\u00e3o exercida. Vamos fazer isso criando uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o que usar\u00e1 nosso reduce!
<\/div>const agruparPor = (array, propriedade) => {\n return array.reduce((objeto, elementoAtual) => {\n const grupo = elementoAtual[propriedade];\n if (!objeto.hasOwnProperty(grupo)) {\n objeto[grupo] = [];\n }\n objeto[grupo].push(elementoAtual);\n return objeto;\n }, {})\n}<\/pre>
O que est\u00e1 acontecendo aqui?
<\/div>Primeiro, criamos uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o agruparPor com dois par\u00e2metros: o array sobre o qual desejamos iterar e a propriedade que servir\u00e1 como crit\u00e9rio para agruparmos nossos elementos.
<\/div>const agruparPor = (array, propriedade) => { ... }<\/pre>
Definimos o retorno desta fun\u00e7\u00e3o como sendo o retorno da chamada do m\u00e9todo reduce sobre a vari\u00e1vel array. Perceba que reduce, aqui, recebe um objeto vazio como valor inicial.
<\/div>return array.reduce((objeto, elementoAtual) => { ... }, {});<\/pre>
Como se trata de um array de objetos, armazenamos na vari\u00e1vel grupo o valor que usaremos para agrup\u00e1-los.
<\/div>const grupo = elementoAtual[propriedade];<\/pre>
Depois, checamos se a \u201cvari\u00e1vel acumuladora\u201d objeto possui aquela propriedade. Caso n\u00e3o a possua, ordenamos que ela seja criada recebendo um array vazio como valor. Do contr\u00e1rio, se a fun\u00e7\u00e3o encontrar aquela propriedade no objeto, faremos um push do elementoAtual.
<\/div>if (!objeto.hasOwnProperty(grupo)) {\n objeto[grupo] = [];\n}\n objeto[grupo].push(elementoAtual);<\/pre>
Por fim, retornamos a vari\u00e1vel objeto
<\/div>return objeto;<\/pre>
Quando chamamos a fun\u00e7\u00e3o agruparPor passando o array funcion\u00e1rios e a string \u2018fun\u00e7\u00e3o\u2019 como argumentos, obtemos como retorno um objeto contendo nossos funcion\u00e1rios agrupados pela atividade exercida na empresa:
<\/div>console.log(agruparPor(funcionarios, \u201cfun\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d));\n{\n ger\u00eancia: [ { nome: 'Roberto', idade: 52, 'fun\u00e7\u00e3o': 'ger\u00eancia' } ],\n contabilidade: [ { nome: 'Pedro', idade: 25, 'fun\u00e7\u00e3o': 'contabilidade' }, { nome: 'Sandra', idade: 27, 'fun\u00e7\u00e3o': 'contabilidade' } ],\n advocacia: [ { nome: 'Fl\u00e1via', idade: 38, 'fun\u00e7\u00e3o': 'advocacia' } ],\n secretaria: [ { nome: 'Rafael', idade: 21, 'fun\u00e7\u00e3o': 'secretaria' } ]\n}<\/pre>
<\/div>Gerando HTML dinamicamente<\/strong><\/h3>
Ok, mas e se, em vez de apenas agruparmos nossos funcion\u00e1rios em um objeto, quis\u00e9ssemos gerar uma lista em HTML com seus nomes e fun\u00e7\u00f5es? Podemos fazer isso passando para nosso reduce o valor inicial de uma string vazia (\u201c\u201d) e trabalhando com seu par\u00e2metro acumulador, que chamaremos de html. Vejamos:
<\/div>
<\/div>const geraListaHTML = (array) => {\n return \"<ul>\" + array.reduce((html, elementoAtual) => {\n html += `<li>nome: ${elementoAtual[\u201cnome\u201d]}, fun\u00e7\u00e3o: ${elementoAtual[\u201cfun\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d]}<\/li>`;\n return html;\n }, \u201c\u201d) + \"<\/ul>\"\n}\nconsole.log(geraListaHTML(funcionarios));<\/pre>
E voil\u00e0, o resultado!
<\/div>\"<ul>\n <li>nome: Roberto, fun\u00e7\u00e3o: gerencia<\/li>\n <li>nome: Pedro, fun\u00e7\u00e3o: contabilidade<\/li>\n <li>nome: Fl\u00e1via, fun\u00e7\u00e3o: advocacia<\/li>\n <li>nome: Sandra, fun\u00e7\u00e3o: contabilidade<\/li>\n <li>nome: Rafael, fun\u00e7\u00e3o: secretaria<\/li>\n<\/ul>\"<\/pre>
Gostou?
<\/div>N\u00e3o \u00e9 exagero dizer que Array.reduce()<\/strong> se tornou uma das minhas fun\u00e7\u00f5es favoritas em JavaScript. Atualmente, o m\u00e9todo \u00e9 suportado pela grande maioria dos browsers e pode te poupar implementa\u00e7\u00f5es mais complicadas e menos perform\u00e1ticas para realizar a mesma tarefa. Como toda ferramenta em programa\u00e7\u00e3o, reduce \u00e9 uma carta na manga que, se utilizada da maneira adequada, pode contribuir para melhorar a legibilidade, tamanho e performance do seu c\u00f3digo!
<\/div>
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