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framework \u00e9 uma estrutura de c\u00f3digos gen\u00e9rica que tem o objetivo de prover uma nova fun\u00e7\u00e3o dentro do seu c\u00f3digo. Quer saber mais? Nesse artigo te contamos todos os segredos sobre o que \u00e9 e pra que serve um framework de programa\u00e7\u00e3o!","_yoast_wpseo_title":"O que \u00e9 um framework? Pra que serve e por que voc\u00ea deveria saber? | Le Wagon","contenu_de_larticle":"

O framework \u00e9 um dos melhores recursos para o programador que deseja aumentar sua produtividade,<\/strong> pois por meio dele \u00e9 poss\u00edvel adicionar trechos de c\u00f3digos gen\u00e9ricos que complementam a estrutura constru\u00edda pelo dev.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Existem diversos tipos de frameworks diferentes, cada um com determinado objetivo e aplica\u00e7\u00e3o.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Essa ferramenta \u00e9 ideal para quem deseja construir seu pr\u00f3prio neg\u00f3cio, pois al\u00e9m de diminuir o tempo gasto desenvolvendo um c\u00f3digo totalmente do zero, ainda possibilita que essa pessoa tenha mais seguran\u00e7a na utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de templates j\u00e1 testados e mais clareza na hora de construir seu business plan<\/em><\/a>.<\/em>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Ficou interessado em entender mais sobre o que \u00e9 um framework e como ele funciona? Ent\u00e3o siga a leitura que vamos te contar todos os detalhes.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

O que \u00e9 um framework?<\/h2>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
Framework \u00e9 um termo ingl\u00eas que, em sua tradu\u00e7\u00e3o direta, significa estrutura. De maneira geral, essa estrutura \u00e9 feita para resolver um problema espec\u00edfico.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Na programa\u00e7\u00e3o, um framework \u00e9 um conjunto de c\u00f3digos gen\u00e9ricos capaz de unir trechos de um projeto de desenvolvimento.\r\n<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
Ele funciona como uma pe\u00e7a de quebra cabe\u00e7a capaz de se encaixar nos mais diversos lugares e conectar todos as linhas de c\u00f3digo de uma maneira quase perfeita.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Por mais que seu funcionamento e aplica\u00e7\u00e3o pare\u00e7am simples, o dev precisa entender bem o tipo de framework que ele est\u00e1 usando ou usar\u00e1 em seu projeto.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Se a escolha for errada, o resultado pode ser contr\u00e1rio ao esperado e gerar um s\u00e9rie de problemas <\/strong>que v\u00e3o desde a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de um c\u00f3digo sujo at\u00e9 o mal funcionamento do projeto final.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Um erro comum que alguns programadores em in\u00edcio de carreira<\/a> \u00e9 pensar que os frameworks funcionam da mesma maneira que um banco de dados. No entanto existem diferen\u00e7as bem consider\u00e1veis entre esses dois elementos.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Um banco de dados \u00e9 pensado e criado para armazenar informa\u00e7\u00f5es e registros de pessoas, lugares ou coisas. Geralmente esses registros se relacionam entre si.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
O framework, por usa vez, n\u00e3o possui a capacidade de armazenar nada, ele apenas prov\u00ea uma funcionalidade que se adequa a diferentes tipos de aplica\u00e7\u00f5es.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Como funciona um framework?<\/h2>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
Existem v\u00e1rias bibliotecas de c\u00f3digos prontos espalhados por todo mundo, qualquer pessoa pode construir e disponibilizar um framework interessante.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Devido essa facilidade no compartilhamento, esse conjunto de c\u00f3digos funcionam de maneira ampla entre as linhas de programa\u00e7\u00e3o para garantir seu bom funcionamento<\/strong>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Muitos deles utilizam os princ\u00edpios de orienta\u00e7\u00e3o do objeto com heran\u00e7a, poliformismo e abstra\u00e7\u00e3o.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Para ficar um pouco mais claro, vamos imaginar a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de um autom\u00f3vel. Nele cont\u00e9m milhares de pe\u00e7as que trabalham muito bem juntas, por\u00e9m, o carro n\u00e3o nasceu dessa forma.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Ele \u00e9 constru\u00eddo por meio da uni\u00e3o de diversas partes que foram feitas pelos fornecedores da montadora. Por exemplo, o motor pode ter sido feito na It\u00e1lia, enquanto a embreagem foi desenvolvida na Alemanha e a montagem acontece no Brasil.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Nesse exemplo, voc\u00ea seria o montador e as pe\u00e7as mencionadas (motor, embreagem) seriam os frameworks.\r\n<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
Uma grande vantagem desses templates, \u00e9 que eles s\u00e3o open source, ou seja, voc\u00ea pode fazer pequenas mudan\u00e7as no seu formato original para que ele se adeque ao que \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
As fun\u00e7\u00f5es originais de cada framework \u00e9 conhecido como frozen spots<\/em> ou hook points<\/em>. J\u00e1 os trechos que foram alterados pelo desenvolvedor \u00e9 conhecido como hot spots<\/em>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Os cuidados que voc\u00ea precisa ter ao usar um framework<\/h3>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
Antes de utilizar esses trechos gen\u00e9ricos, que representam blocos de c\u00f3digo pr\u00e9-prontos, voc\u00ea precisa observar qual \u00e9 o objetivo se sua utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o, a partir da\u00ed voc\u00ea ter\u00e1 a capacidade de analisar as op\u00e7\u00f5es dispon\u00edveis para escolher o mais adequado.\r\n<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
Mas n\u00e3o \u00e9 s\u00f3 isso! Voc\u00ea tamb\u00e9m deve pensar quais pessoas v\u00e3o fazer a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o deste c\u00f3digo e quantas ser\u00e3o.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Isso \u00e9 importante, pois a partir dessa reflex\u00e3o voc\u00ea pensar\u00e1 em um c\u00f3digo que seja simples e f\u00e1cil para qualquer programador entender.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Quando conhecemos a estrutura criada no processo de programa\u00e7\u00e3o de um software fica muito mais f\u00e1cil encontrar bugs e poss\u00edveis problemas gerados ao longo do tempo.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Outro ponto importante tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 nunca se esquecer de documentar a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o do seu framework. Esse documento pode ser um simples relat\u00f3rio explicando as seguintes informa\u00e7\u00f5es:\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n